According to the report of Mining News - This is a faculty member at Amir Kabir University of Technology and professor of mining engineering in Canada. A physicist in the mid-19th century said that mining is not everything, but everything will be based on mining.
If we look at our environment, we see that everything around us, such as cars, trains, planes, medicines, agricultural fertilizers, automotive ink and pencils, that is, things that cannot be lived without them, are based on the original material that comes from the mine comes.
The computer consists of 33 metals and minerals and television of 35 minerals.
Mineral consumption in the United States is an indicator; every child born in 2016 in the country consumes 121 kilograms of iron and consumes 9.6 tons of iron if he lives on average for 80 years.
With regard to the situation in China and India and their role in the production of steel and iron ore, the per capita consumption of iron ore will be more than 121 kilograms and will reach 310 kilograms.
In the role of steel, 48 percent of steel is used in construction, 19 percent in heavy machinery, 7 percent in automotive, 5 percent in shipbuilding and 5 percent in shipping," Osanlou explained in another part of his speech.
98 percent of the iron ore is used in the steel industry, and 2 percent is consumed in the paint industry, cement industry, and so on.
He added that according to the growth rate of 3.79%, the world`s population will be 8.3 billion in 2031, a major part in Africa and Asia.
The main need for this population will be food. To some extent, environmental organizations complain of mines, while mining and the environment are not in opposition.
Just as an environment is a fan of the environment and wants a good environment, a miner also wants a good environment.
He emphasized that all mining activities are not aimed at environmental degradation. Many mines look good on the environment because the miners themselves want to eat healthy water, they themselves want to plant. For example, Sarcheshmeh was a desert, but now several dozen villas have been built near it and planted.
In addition, the restoration of mines is a description of the tasks of the operators. Mining engineers need to do reconstruction, and it starts from the beginning of the mine, not at the end of mining with the harvest.
The first conflict between mine and environment was at the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Conference, where the term sustainable development came from forestry. They said that for every tree we cut we should use 1.5 trees.
The mine contradicted this theory. It takes a few billion years to form a billion tons of matter. One of the suggestions was to create an international organization, like the Atomic Energy Agency and the Human Rights Organization, so that any country that wants to set up a mineral can obtain permits from this organization and commit that the mine will not pollute the environment.
Fortunately, mine engineers were able to accept the principle of sustainable development that we would gradually rebuild our mining sectors.
He pointed out that there are many examples that have changed the environment, mining. I was in the course of a period at the Sarcheshme copper mine with the management of the needy doctor.
The water that was in the area was not water that could be eaten and we were drinking water from Kariz Kerman. 62 percent of our iron ore mines are located in a desert climate, and now mining has led to the possession of water, electricity and urban infrastructure that is needed for survival, all of which has been provided by mines.
Professor Osanlou continued: "The world`s population will be around 10 billion by now." The statistics show that if 310 kilograms of per capita consumption of iron ore were taken into account and the consumption rate fixed by 2031, then this year 33 billion tons of iron ore should be produced.
According to him, iron has several physical properties, and these characteristics have led to little successors on the ground. The closest iron surrogate is aluminum, with its resistance to 90 percent of its iron ore resistance and its resources 10 percent less than the reserves of iron ore on the planet. Aluminum consumption is increasing like iron ore. Most of the time, we cannot replace another material, such as drilling rigs, which are rare products that we do not try to reduce its weight, but we add other weights such as water and sand, to heavier and increase the load on the drill, and in rocks hard penetrate.
Referring to the extraction of iron ore from other spheres, he said: "One of the problems that exists in the extraction of minerals from the moon, and we are also exploring this option, is the transfer of these machines to the moon, in which case the weight loss of the objects This sphere contrasts with the subject matter, which is the heavy drill or the drill. Three years ago, there were 1.2 billion vehicles in the world, which will reach 2 billion cars by the year 2031, which will increase the consumption of steel and iron ore and require more iron ore.
Referring to iron ore producers, Australia, Brazil, China, India, Russia, South Africa and Iran are among the top producers of iron ore, and Iran is ranked tenth among these countries. The holders of iron ore reserves are also Australia, Russia, Brazil, China, India, Ukraine, Canada, the United States, Sweden and South Africa, where Iran is also ranked eleventh. Importing countries of iron ore are also China, Japan, South Korea, Germany, the Netherlands, Taiwan, France, Malaysia, Turkey, Britain and others
According to the university professor, China is developing its plans heavily, with 249 million people in the country receiving the benefits of urbanization. Hence, it needs more steel, iron ore, copper and aluminum, but the problem is the cost of producing iron ore inside. The cost of iron ore production in Iran is under $ 20, and the world`s four largest companies, which have maintained their status despite the decline in global iron ore prices, have been able to reduce their production costs, including using technology. At some point, China realized that it could not raise its extractive iron ore and began to import high-grade iron ore from other countries.
In a different section of his speech, Osanlou said: "According to a report from the US Geological Survey of America last year, the amount of iron ore reserves is 170 billion tons and the world`s iron ore reserves are 800 billion tons. The growth rate of the solar energy since the year 2018 was 1.2%, which has been linearly increased. If we consider this rate constant, for the year 2031, our reserve requirement will be 210 billion tons.
According to him, after the industrialization of Europe again, the growth rate by the year 2003 was such that we could predict it, but since 2002, due to the role of China in the iron ore market, iron ore and copper prices have grown tremendously. Iron and copper are equilibrium, and I have always advised the iron and steel producers community that iron ore activists should also be active in the field of copper. When the iron ore rate rises, copper rates drop. Of course, iron ore is also associated with gold and oil. See the curves of the past 10 years; iron ore follows these two materials and is equal to them.
He continued: The production of iron ore in the year 2015 amounted to 3.4 billion tons, but dropped by nearly one billion tons in 2005 as a result of China`s policies, which until that time used 20/20 grade iron ore. As a result, its cost of production increased and, due to impurities such as sulfur, encountered environmental problems and reduced the production of steel. That`s why these mines were shut down. If we consider the 170 billion tons and assume our production last year was more than 2.4 billion tons, the reserves will end after 35 years, but this will never happen. All the predictions about oil have not been realized so far, because other areas may be explored. Extraction technologies are getting better day by day, and it is anticipated that 500-tonne trucks will replace existing trucks, with 147-ton shafts coming to the mines. It is anticipated that in the next two years, trucks will reach 700 to 900 tons. In another part of his speech, Iran`s iron ore mines are mainly distributed in eastern Sangan, a part in the center and part of the north-east of Iran. If we consider the climate distribution of iron ore, 61 percent of Iran`s mines are located in warm and dry areas. These mines, which were launched, in addition to changing water, road and rail infrastructure, increased their connection with the airports and created jobs, and as a result, life expectancy in the people of the region increased. These mines reduced depression and increased skill levels.
To reach 55 million tons of steel in 2025, we need 140 million tons of iron ore," said the professor at Amir Kabir University.
Considering that 35 million tons of iron ore were produced in the past year, there are not three more solutions to reach 140 million tons of iron ore in 2025; first, we need to launch 10 mines of 10 million tons this year, which is from the exploration stage It takes 15 years to open mine and extraction and access to iron ore, which means that we will not reach this target in 2025, but will be in 2033.
According to him, to meet this goal, we need to increase the current capacity of mines, which requires modern machinery and equipment, and it is a difficult one. When you enter modern equipment and high capacity, you need to make changes that are not so easy. Unless you bring iron ore out.
He said iron ore prices in the last 30 years, based on the average price of $ 62, in the past 15 years, were $ 92; this year, by the year 2031, the rate of iron ore varies between $ 42 to $ 86, and in the year 2031 to the 60th The dollar will reach. We have an experience with some Australian miners who can be considered by small domestic companies. As prices rose, some small mines began to increase their mining capacities. Consequently, prices went down, and the capital and the recruited staff did not have a capital-intensive productivity. Hence, with any rate change, capacity should not be increased, since price prediction will be difficult.
Mining will decrease in the coming years, the depth of mining will be higher, the ratio of waste to extraction will be increased, we will increase production capacity and the likelihood of encroaching on poorer reserves will be higher. These are the statements of Morteza Osanlou, a professor at Amir Kabir University. "We have a lot of waste at the mine site and a lot of waste at the processing stage," he said. As a result, we have to make more waste tanks. These dams will have a 70% chance of leakage to the environment.